{"id":6434,"date":"2024-01-19T10:32:10","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T10:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olmix.com\/?p=6434"},"modified":"2025-01-14T14:36:54","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T13:36:54","slug":"biomonitoreo-de-las-micotoxinas-en-cerdos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/biomonitoreo-de-las-micotoxinas-en-cerdos\/","title":{"rendered":"Biomonitoreo de las micotoxinas en cerdos"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_4=&#8221;yes&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; 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background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; 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overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;default&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Extra-Color-2&#8243; icon_padding=&#8221;0px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-clock-o&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;15&#8243; margin_right=&#8221;7px&#8221; margin_top=&#8221;1px&#8221;][vc_column_text][rt_reading_time label=&#8221;Tiempo de lectura:&#8221; postfix=&#8221;minutes&#8221; postfix_singular=&#8221;minute&#8221;][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left&#8221; left_margin=&#8221;7px&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;advanced&#8221; border_left_desktop=&#8221;1&#8243; column_border_color=&#8221;#007797&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;med&#8221;]<strong>Evaluar la exposici\u00f3n de los animales a las micotoxinas es un paso importante en la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo por micotoxinas<\/strong>. La estrategia m\u00e1s com\u00fan para evaluar esta exposici\u00f3n es el an\u00e1lisis de las contaminaciones en el alimento.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;50px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text]Sin embargo,\u00a0<strong>el an\u00e1lisis de las contaminaciones en el alimento tiene limitaciones<\/strong>, por ser heterog\u00e9neo en el pienso y porque no refleja la exposici\u00f3n individual de los animales. Teniendo en cuenta estos elementos,\u00a0<strong>evaluar la presencia de las micotoxinas en matrices biol\u00f3gicas (orina, excrementos, sangre), m\u00e9todo que se llama biomonitoreo, podr\u00eda ser una buena opci\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En cerdos,\u00a0<strong>los estudios sobre contaminaciones con deoxinivalenol (DON) o zearalenona (ZEA) son los m\u00e1s frecuentes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Los estudios sobre contaminaci\u00f3n por ZEA<\/strong>\u00a0han mostrado que los niveles de ZEA y de su metabolito de fase aguda \u03b1-zearalenol (\u03b1-ZEL) medidos en la orina se correlacionan con las mediciones de ZEA en el alimento. Estas mol\u00e9culas parecen ser buenos biomarcadores de la exposici\u00f3n de los cerdos a ZEA.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Los estudios sobre contaminaciones con DON<\/strong>\u00a0muestran tambi\u00e9n que los niveles de DON y de DOM-1 en la orina y en el suero se correlacionan bien con los niveles de contaminaci\u00f3n del alimento con DON. De este modo, los niveles de DON y DOM-1 en la orina y en el suero son biomarcadores adaptados para representar la exposici\u00f3n de los cerdos a DON.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;16634&#8243; image_size=&#8221;large&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;None&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221; margin_top=&#8221;20&#8243; margin_bottom=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column_text]Las formas glucur\u00f3nicas (metabolitos de fase II) de ZEA y DON podr\u00edan tambi\u00e9n ser biomarcadores interesantes, pero la cuantificaci\u00f3n de estas mol\u00e9culas es demasiado limitada desde el punto de vista anal\u00edtico. No se identific\u00f3 ning\u00fan biomarcador interesante en las heces de los cerdos, tanto para reflejar a las contaminaciones por ZEA como para DON.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En el caso de policontaminaciones, la orina parece ser la matriz m\u00e1s adaptada para obtener una relaci\u00f3n dosis-efecto satisfactoria, especialmente para DON y ZEA<\/strong>. Este modelo podr\u00eda ser utilizado para evaluar la eficacia de los productos de detoxificaci\u00f3n en cerdos. La elecci\u00f3n del biomarcador adecuado, de la matriz y del calendario de muestreo son pasos importantes en la evaluaci\u00f3n de la exposici\u00f3n de los animales a las micotoxinas, y la interpretaci\u00f3n de los resultados es posible \u00fanicamente si se compara con los niveles de contaminaci\u00f3n en el alimento. Por eso,<strong>\u00a0el uso de biomarcadores como herramienta de diagn\u00f3stico es posible \u00fanicamente con arreglo a pruebas cient\u00edficas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Referencia<\/strong>: Tkaczyk and Jedziniak, 2021. Mycotoxin Biomarkers in Pigs\u2014Current State of Knowledge and Analytics. Toxins, 13, 586<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13080586\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13080586<\/em><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_4=&#8221;yes&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":13145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6434","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-myco-news-4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6434"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16639,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6434\/revisions\/16639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycokingdom.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}